Question:
How does one reply to the claim that Allah has two eyes? Salafis use the hadith of the dajjal which says “’awar” as proof saying “awar” means defect in one of two eyes?
Plus they said that the early Asharis believed Allah had two eyes.
Response:
Ibn Al-Jawzi in his Dafa’ Ash-Shuba comments on this hadith:
“Bukhari and Muslim related in the two Sahihs from the hadith of Anas ibn Malik about the Prophet Muhammad that the anti-christ was mentioned. So he said: “Verily he is one-eyed. And Verily your Lord is not one-eyed.”
The scholars have said, “He merely meant to manifest the truth about his description in that imperfection is not possible in His (ta’ala)’s regard. He did not intent to affirm a limb, because there is no point of praise in affirming a limb. Rather it is as if he said, “Verily your Lord is not a possesor of limbs of which imperfections befall.”
This is also a similitude for the purpose of negating a child from Him, since division is impossible with respect to Him. And if the statement were referring to “a perfect form”, there would be no proof of divinity in either that, or in the foot, since the “perfect in form” are many. Thus if someone were to hold this position on Allah possessing a form, He would have an equal.
[End Quote. Taken from the translation "The Attributes of God" trans. by Abdullah ibn Hamid 'Ali pg 106]
Simply put, Allah is not one eyed, as literal “eyes” as in the ‘limbs’ are impossible for Allah. As He says, “There is nothing like unto Him, and He is As-Sami’ Al-Baseer!”
Regarding the question as to whether or not early Asha’ris affirmed ‘Aynayn for Allah ta’ala, then this issue seems to be unclear.
For example, in Maqalat Al-Islamiyyin, it states:
“And He has Two Eyes, without how (wa-lahu ‘aynayn bila kayfa)”
However, as pointed out by Shaykh G.F. Haddad when asked about the autheticity of these works being ascribed to Imam Abul Hasan he said: “None of the texts attributed to Imam al-Ash`ari are reliably transmitted from him in their integrity even though everyone agrees he did author texts with such titles.”
Imam Al-Kawthari in his margins on the Asmaa’ was-Sifaat of Imam Al-Bayhaqi states:
“There is not an established report of ‘two eyes’ in the Qur’an and the Sunnah…”
And Ibn Hazm said Fisal Al-Milal,
“Saying: ‘He has two eyes’ is null and void and part of the belief of the anthropomorphists… Allah[subhanahu wa ta'ala] said `ayn (literally: ‘eye’) and a`yunin (literally ‘eyes’)…
لا يجوز لأحد أن يصف الله عز وجل بأن له عينين لأن النص لم يـأت بـذلك
so it is not permissible for anyone to describe Him as possessing ‘two eyes’ because no text has reached us to that effect.”
As for ‘Ayn itself, The Tabyin of Ibn ‘Asakir, as published by Imam Al-Kawthari and Saqqa affirm ‘ayn in the singular.
Al-Hafith Ibn Hajr stated in his Fat-hul-Bari:
Al-Bayhaqi said: “The safest method is to believe in them without modality, and to maintain concerning what is meant except if the explanation is conveyed from the Prophet himself, in which case it is followed.” The proof for this is the agreement of the scholars that the specific interpretation is not obligatory, and that therefore the commitment of meaning to Allah
(tafwid) is the safest option (at-tafweedh aslam).
And Peace & Blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, his family, companions, and those that follow them.